UPSC Civil Services 2025: Mains Examination Syllabus Overview
UPSC Civil Services 2025: Mains Examination Syllabus Overview
Qualifying Papers on Indian Languages and English
These papers are designed to test candidates' language proficiency. The pattern of questions in both Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation standard, and they are qualifying in nature. Marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.
- Comprehension of Given Passages
- Precise Writing
- Usage and Vocabulary
- Short Essays
- Translation from English to Indian Language and Vice-Versa
Note: Both papers are of a qualifying nature and are designed to test the candidate’s ability to read and comprehend serious prose and to express ideas clearly.
Essay Paper - Paper I
Candidates will be asked to write essays on multiple topics, testing their ability to express their thoughts logically and clearly. They should demonstrate an organized approach, concise expression, and a deep understanding of the topic.
- Key Focus: Organizing ideas, clarity of expression, and effective communication.
General Studies Paper-II: Indian Heritage, Culture, History, and Geography
This paper tests a candidate's awareness of Indian heritage, culture, history, and world geography.
- Art forms, literature, architecture from ancient to modern times.
- Focus on significant events, personalities, and the Indian National Movement.
Post-Independence History
- Consolidation and reorganization of India post-independence.
World History
- Events from the 18th century such as the Industrial Revolution, World Wars, colonization, and political philosophies (communism, socialism, capitalism).
Geographical Aspects
- Features of world’s physical geography, distribution of natural resources, and industrial locations.
Social Issues
- Salient features of Indian society, urbanization, poverty, gender issues, and the impact of globalization.
General Studies Paper-III: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations
This paper tests a candidate’s understanding of governance, the Indian Constitution, social justice issues, and India’s role in international relations.
- Historical background, amendments, and provisions.
Polity and Governance
- Structure and functioning of the government and various constitutional bodies.
Social Justice
- Welfare schemes for vulnerable populations, poverty alleviation, and social empowerment.
International Relations
- India’s relations with its neighbors, global groupings, and international institutions.
General Studies Paper-IV: Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management
This paper focuses on topics related to India’s economic development, technology, environmental issues, and security concerns.
Indian Economy
- Key issues in planning, growth, agriculture, industrial policies, and inclusive growth.
Science and Technology
- Developments in IT, biotechnology, space technology, and their applications.
Environmental Concerns
- Issues like pollution, conservation, and climate change.
Disaster Management
- Challenges and strategies for managing natural and man-made disasters.
Security Issues
- Internal and external security, cyber security, terrorism, and border security.
General Studies Paper-V: Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude
This paper is designed to assess the ethical conduct, integrity, and moral values of candidates. Questions are designed to test candidates' attitudes and approach to ethical dilemmas.
Ethics and Human Interface
- Ethics in human actions, family, society, and education.
Aptitude and Foundational Values
- Focus on integrity, non-partisanship, and dedication to public service.
Emotional Intelligence
- Application of emotional intelligence in administration and governance.
Ethical Governance and Accountability
- Concepts of probity in governance, Right to Information, codes of ethics, and anti-corruption measures.
Optional Subject Papers (Paper VI & Paper VII)
The optional subject papers test candidates on subjects of their choice. The scope of these papers is usually at the honors degree level, i.e., between the bachelor’s and master’s degree level.
- Subject-specific papers: You can choose a subject based on your interests or academic background.
- Level of Difficulty: For subjects like Engineering, Medical Science, and Law, the level corresponds to a bachelor's degree.
Conclusion
The UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination 2025 is an extensive test of a candidate’s intellectual abilities and depth of understanding in a variety of subjects. The General Studies papers test a candidate’s general awareness and analytical abilities, while the optional subject papers allow for in-depth exploration of specialized areas of knowledge.
Preparation for the Mains Examination requires a deep understanding of the syllabus, consistent study, and strong analytical skills. By following the syllabus and staying focused on developing your abilities in writing, analysis, and problem-solving, you can succeed in this challenging examination.
For more updates and detailed information, visit the official UPSC website: www.upsc.gov.in
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